ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) a new member of the human coronavirus's family, was identified in 2019 as the causative agent of a new disease outbreak in China associated with severe medical complications and even death in some cases. The unavailability of a vaccine or other efficacious therapeutic option has required all the nations worldwide to combat the pandemic's spread. Several precautionary strategies, which include lockdown, social distancing, wearing facemasks, and travel limitations, have been applied to stop this pandemic. On December 11, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID- 19 vaccine and on February 15, 2021, the adenoviral vector vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca-Ox- ford) were granted emergency use. To assess and compare the short-term side-effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and AstraZeneca vaccines among participants in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. It was conducted among people vaccinated with Pfizer or Astra- Zeneca. The respondents were asked about the signs and symptoms after the first and second doses of the vaccines. Data will be collected through the questionnaire that distributed among people in KSA, and Egypt. It was noticed that most of participants were vaccinated with (Pfizer/BioNTech) in KSA (77.4%) which is more than Egypt (45.7%). More symptoms were appeared after the first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine and after the second dose of (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine in participants either from Egypt or KSA. Severe symptoms were observed in Egypt (31.8%) compared to Saudi Arabia (18.1%), while more than 60% of participants suffering from moderate symptoms that can treated with rest and few medications. Moreover, only a few patients needed to be admitted to the hospital due to vaccines' side effects on respiratory system. Fatigue and fever were significantly associated with Pfizer-BioNTech, compared to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Headache (47.4% & 38.7%) is the most common symptoms that appeared after vaccination.We can conclude that only a few patients needed to be admitted to the hospital due to vaccines' side effects on respiratory system. Fatigue and fever were significantly associated with Pfizer-BioNTech, compared to the Oxford- AstraZeneca vaccine. These side effects such as pain at the site of the injection, fever, and headache, and they are more common in those after the second dose of the vaccines. A follow-up study is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines in controlling COVID infection and assessment of long-term side effects.
ABSTRACT
Novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) outbreak IS occur in one of the most chief health problems worldwide. WHO stated that COVID- 19 is the sixth Public heath disaster of global concern involved more than 300 countries .COVID-19 was found to cause a severe type acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), which is similar to that caused by bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-CoVZXC21 corona viruses. It has been reported by World health organization that around 3,848,683 confirmed reported cases with 30,980,21 deaths were declared from at least 260 countries well confirmed cases have been diagnosed in number of countries and regions all over the world, most of them was in China. Precautions and preventive measures are best known method. Social distancing and self-quarantine were advised to smoothen the epidemic curve in the hope of restraining the effects the coronavirus may have had on human health. Ministry has advised that all the schools, universities, social palaces, and any nonessential business to be close till further instruction. These measures were put into place to prompt self-quarantine. The influence of self-quarantine on factors that impact weight change and obesity-related behaviors in adults is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the self-quarantine impacts n has on human behaviors associated with weight gain and anxiety or depression during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Indoor air environments contain a complex mixture of bioaerosols containing bacteria, protozoans, viruses possibly including SARS CoV-2 causing COVID-19, and their by-products as well such as endotoxins, mycotoxins, and volatile microbial organic compounds. Bioaerosols are forms of air particles, present mostly in the indoor air that humans inhale. Therefore, the indoor environment is crucial components causing various health-related problems. Almost 40% of individuals spent their quality time at home and the remaining 60 to 70% of individuals spent their day in the workplace. There is a lack of awareness about bioaerosols of the indoor environment and their contribution towards the spread of various infections. This review presents the trend of various elements of bioaerosols in indoor air and their association with pulmonary and other diseases due to indoor air pollution. Recently, the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has alerted us about the importance of bioaerosol research. Hence, the characterizations of bioaerosols including seasonal variation are necessary for its associated risk factor, prevention, and impact on human health.